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Journal project: Mini Paludarium (with aquarium plants)

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As I am a plant fan in general, it's fun keeping thriving house plants as well. Most of our beloved aquarium plants are mostly commercially grown emersed in warm air with high humidity. I always found the emersed aquatic environment just as interesting as the stuff below the surface. But I never did anything with it, until last summer, when I planted some aquarium species in a glass jar with a lid on it and made a 1 mm hole in it.
1743261845940.jpeg1743261863654.jpeg
I did not do anything with, just getting it light in my aquarium hood, and the plants really took of. So two months ago, I stepped my game up a little.

An old plastic air tight transparent container would be used to keep aquarium plants, next to my desk with a dedicated light. Most plants in my tank which emersed most of the times dry up fast, so I wanted to control the humidity. So I set up a cheap microcomputer with two modules to monitor humidity (and temperature.) I know mold/fungus can be a challenging aspect in wet humid environments, so I added springtails and a small 5V fan which RPM can be controlled by pwm, for inaudible air movement.

I've started with some small plant cuttings in cups with ADA Amazonia V2 and RO water with some macros and traces added.
Day 1:IMG_4056 (Medium).jpg

In such a wet environment, visibility gets easily obstructed by condensation. So the humidity should be lower than 100%, and fresh dryer air is needed. So I first drilled a hole at the back at the fan, pointing the air movement to the front of the container. As the first days progressed, the amount of fresh air was not enough, so I drilled some more, until visibility during the day was good. I spray the wood every other day and refill the cups when they the water level isn't visible anymore.

Day 60:
IMG_4296 (Medium).jpgIMG_4299 (Medium).jpg

Plant progress is good, and the springtails are alive and kicking. I really enjoy fiddling with this stuff, and it actually worked! Nothing is deteriorating, except the Eriocaulon which already flowered when I added it. The Tonina is growing in nice, the Cuphea is getting purple and the Riccardia and Micranthemum are mega healthy.

I monitor around 95% RH during the day when temperatures are higher, and 99-100% RH at night when the temperature is a couple degrees Celcius lower. A snapshot of yesterday's monitor: Screenshot 2025-03-29 104452.png
 
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If the project keeps on track like this, I might even swap the old used container (serviced for cat food over 15 years with scratches and cracks repaired with duck tape), for a nice new acrillic version, twice the size. I would upgrade the back wall to black, and adding a water column with water movement by adding a small pump and a small cascading water stream... As plants would benefit a lot from flow.

We'll see how it progresses....
 
Well, the project is still going pretty okay.
12 months ago, I got a cutting of the so-called Hygrophila serpyllum from a fellow aquarist. In my non co2 tanks it did not die, but grew hardly a few leaves. That's not what I expected from reading online about it.
So I put it in this setup, and it came to life! Three weeks and it grew twice as much than 1 year on exactly the same soil. Hopefully it will give flowers one day, and I can be sure whether it's H. serpyllum.
Sorry about the quality of the plastic container, this is the best picture I could take:
IMG_4461.webp

To eliminate the poor see through, I ordered some acrylic panels and I am currently putting it together with super glue.
It would deliver excellent vision, a nice black background and double the project size!
IMG_4457.webp

Until the next one!
 
Yeah, accutually I do. This week I finished the second iteration:
IMG_4534.webp
The water column is raised to 4.5 cm and each species has its own little transparent container (with Amazonia V2). Easy for organizing layout, individual trimming and cleaning.

The visibility is good, but sometimes when the room temperature decreased, condensation forms on the acrylic panels. So I still need to finetune the humidity a bit more. This is currently done by a limited set of ventilation holes and a fan in front of them, controlling the the amount of intake ambient air.

The aquarium plants I'm currently housing in the tank:
IMG_4535.webp
Left to right, front to back:
  • Rotala wallichii
  • Eriocaulon cinereum (plantlets from accidental propagation)
  • Schismatoglottis prietoi
  • Marsilea hirsuta (fresh from TC)
  • Lilaeopsis novae-zelandiae (currently flowering)
  • Ricciadia sp. "chamedryfolia"
  • Bacopa salzmannii "Purple"
  • mixed: Pogestemon erectus/deccadensis, Hygrophila serpyllum, Lomariopsis lineata
  • Tonina (Paepalanthus?) fluviatilis
  • Ammannia pedicellata "Golden"
  • Micranthemum "Monte Carlo"
  • Blyxa japonica
  • Cryptocoryne parva
  • Fissidens fontanus
  • Anubias barteri "mini something"

My experience is that submersed grown plants don't shrivel up in such a high humidity (> 97%), so the tend stay nice to look at and have a much easier transition emersed.

I've added some ramshorn snails to eliminate algae. And added a mini pump to have some water flow to eliminate stagnant water.
I know R. wallichii and some other species like pH below 6.5, so I keep the water parameters: pH=6.1, KH=0 dH, GH=3 dH.

Cheers!
 
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I've left the tank to grow in a bit and let it bewildered. The Tonina took over and needs to be trimmer heavily again. Even with a small desk light it grows so fast, I'm not sure it's a keeper. I'm sure it's growth will decline when nutrients in the soil of it's container will run out.

Besides that, the plant growth it very healthy, no visible mold/fungus. A humidity/condensation controller is in the making, by open or close the lid with a stepper motor when temperature and humidity is changing.

To be continued...

IMG_5192.webp
 
Not much going on, the plants still grow absolutely great.

I really like the colors, sadly enough some stems are getting top heavy and growing almost horizontally, like A. pedicellata. It is probably in their nature…
The only plant which strangely enough isn’t thriving is the H. serpyllum, which did flower a couple of times… I’ll try to rescue it by putting it’s top in fresh soil (Amazonia v2), it just might be nutrient deprived from soil, as the water column is very lean… will see what happens.

I upgraded light. Going from an ordinary 3000K light bulb to a grow light LED spot with 60 degrees illumination angle for maximum PAR given the supplied 10W.

I’ve implemented the lid lifting motor in the software, but still need to implement the physical mechanics for it. The whole summer there was almost no condensation, so little need to get on with it… but now autumn is kicking in last week the ambient room temperature is dropping to a regular 19-20 *C, condensation is back and the tank needs a little more fresh non humid air to get rid of that.

1759141250722.webp

The new grow light I’ve installed: 1759141950787.webp
 
Well, the journal continues.

I treated myself good and bought a 3D printer! This enabled me to engineer a ventilation mechanism on the back of the mini paludarium. I will drill a hole, so the fan can suck air from the back. When the sensor reads humidity and drops too low, the vent well be sealed off a bit by the green panel driven by a stepper motor. This will narrow the vent hole. Of Course this works vise versa. Here it is:IMG_6131.webp

Inside the paludarium I created a mount for the fan and sensor, but some rework is required for routing the wires and space for soldering tips which I didn't think through properly. But version 1 .0 was not a complete miss, so I might just be milling with a dremel: IMG_6133.webp

The new light bulb works great. 10 Watt for such a paludarium is more than enough. The A. pedicella 'Golden' is nowhere near golden anymore! Even the Lilaeopsis Novae-zelandiae 's leaf tips are bright red. I just checked PPFD (PAR) with the Photone app and it is reading 300 umol/m2/s at 50% tank height.
IMG_6134.webp

On the downside some algae appeared, assuming by the increase light intensity. For know I leave it as is, mainly because all plants are growing above the water surface for now.

I'm in the process of changing the nutrient mix, supporting this project. Still 25 ppm NO3 as proxy and 80 uS/cm., so very soft water (Ca=4,3 and Mg=1,3 ppm) . Will see what happens.

Untill the next one!
 

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