Would dosing too much micros cause algae, or damage plants in such a way to cause algae? What would be an amount (Fe as proxy) that would cause an issue if such issue even exists?
From my point of view, a number of factors can be triggers for algae, which usually have to be in some kind of interplay. That is, the deflection of one factor usually does not lead to any dramatic change, but rather a certain cascade of changes. The fact that algae become established on plants can, I believe, be caused by the plant ceasing to grow and beginning to excrete organic matter from its leaves in greater quantities. This attracts algae and bacteria, so they settle on it and start to multiply. A healthy, fast-growing plant largely eliminates this risk. Algae need a firm and preferably unchanging (immobile) surface on which to grow. This is followed by a 'lag phase' in which they 'pollute' this environment with their metabolic products. This creates a biofilm which is a breeding ground for various bacteria and algae. Once this is established, the algae start to multiply very quickly. The defence against this is quite simple:
(1) prevent algae from settling on solid objects (e.g. by regularly cleaning glass etc.).
(2) ensure that the plants grow as quickly as possible
(3) keep enough algae eaters (e.g. shrimps) in the aquarium
(4) have filter material in the aquarium that removes dissolved organic matter from the water (e.g. activated carbon or purigen)
etc. I think we all know this.

Nutrients don't play a big role in this problem in my opinion. In hydroponics, doses that we would find extreme (1-5
ppm Fe) are commonly used. Still, I don't think plants need much iron (or other microelements) as a matter of principle. If someone claims that their plants require more than 0.1 ppm Fe, it rather indicates that the bulk of the iron they are adding to the water will oxidize and precipitate out. Aquarium water is heavily oxidized, so iron will not last long in it. For example, common, unchelated iron salts (e.g. FeCl3) will last about 15 minutes in our water in a form which is accessible to plants. Chelated iron will last longer, but most of it will probably end up in the filter in the same short time.