Clip above is a water heater BLEVE, Boiling Liquid Expanding Volume Explosion. This is much more devastating than what happens when the wrong expansion tanks is used and fails, as the failure point is well under the boiling point. But a failing expansion tank is not something I would like to be in close proximity to.
I tried to find a photo online of one that failed and was not successful, but I have seen one that did fail catastrophically. The tank in essence has a top and bottom half with a rubber bladder in the middle andthe two halves are seamed. My local plumbing supply shop had a new counter rep who sold an expansion tank to a customer and did not know to ask what application he needed it for. The customer installed a low pressure tank on his hot water heater. It worked fine for a month before fatigue set in and it failed. The bottom half completely dissasembled from the top and rocketed to the water heater underneath it and did significant crush damage to the bottom of the expansion tank and to the top of the water heater. The store ended up replacing both items and paying for professional installation and clean up damages for the water gushing out of the system..
But no wheres near as damaging as a BLEVE
BLEVE’s are prevented by temperature and pressure relief valves on the side of the tank and boiler. These should be opened yearly to drain water from a bit and ensure the seal still stops water afterward. If you have a leaking one, having it replaced is money exceedingly well spent. They fail with time and start leaking, but leaking can also be caused by other faults, such as a waterlogged expansion tank….